SSD/NVMe Tweaks (TRIM/Discard): Difference between revisions

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* Unix and Linux: [https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/652623 How to evaluate the wear level of a NVMe SSD?]
* Unix and Linux: [https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/652623 How to evaluate the wear level of a NVMe SSD?]
* NVMexpress.org: [https://nvmexpress.org/ NVMe Current Specifications]
* NVMexpress.org: [https://nvmexpress.org/ NVMe Current Specifications]
== TRIM (Discard) from command line ==
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell" line="1">
sudo fstrim -av            # trim/discardd all mounted devices, verbose output
sudo fstrim -v /            # trim/discardd the root fs, verbose output
sudo fstrim /mount-point    # trim/discardd a device mounted at specific mount point
</syntaxhighlight>
=== References ===
* Red Hat Docs: [https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/managing_storage_devices/discarding-unused-blocks_managing-storage-devices <u>Red Hat > '''<nowiki>[8]</nowiki>''' > Managing storage devices > Chapter 8. '''Discarding unused blocks'''</u>]
* Red Hat Docs: <u>[https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html/managing_storage_devices/enabling-multipathing-on-nvme-devices_managing-storage-devices Red Hat > '''<nowiki>[9]</nowiki>''' > Managing storage devices > Chapter 10. '''Enabling multipathing on NVMe devices''']</u>
* Red Hat Docs: <u>[https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html/managing_file_systems/discarding-unused-blocks_managing-file-systems Red Hat > '''<nowiki>[9]</nowiki>''' > Managing storage devices > Chapter 37. '''Discarding unused blocks''']</u>


== Set the automatic TRIM job to daily ==
== Set the automatic TRIM job to daily ==
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* Easy Linux Tips Project: [https://easylinuxtipsproject.blogspot.com/p/ssd.html SSD - How to optimize your Solid State Drive for Linux Mint and Ubuntu]
* Easy Linux Tips Project: [https://easylinuxtipsproject.blogspot.com/p/ssd.html SSD - How to optimize your Solid State Drive for Linux Mint and Ubuntu]


== Enable TRIM/Discard in FsTab ==
== Enable TRIM (Discard) in FsTab ==


TRIM (Trim command let an OS know which SSD blocks are not being used and can be cleared).<syntaxhighlight lang="shell" line="1">
TRIM (Trim command let an OS know which SSD blocks are not being used and can be cleared).<syntaxhighlight lang="shell" line="1">
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=== References ===
=== References ===
* Arch Linux Wiki: [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Solid_state_drive#Continuous_TRIM '''Solid state drive''']
* Arch Linux Wiki: [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Solid_state_drive#Continuous_TRIM '''Solid state drive''']
* Red Hat Documentation: [https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/managing_storage_devices/discarding-unused-blocks_managing-storage-devices Red Hat Enterprise Linux > '''8''' > Managing storage devices > Chapter 8. '''Discarding unused blocks''']
* Red Hat Documentation: [https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/managing_storage_devices/discarding-unused-blocks_managing-storage-devices <u>Red Hat Enterprise Linux > '''8''' > Managing storage devices > Chapter 8. '''Discarding unused blocks'''</u>]


* How-To Geek: [https://www.howtogeek.com/62761/how-to-tweak-your-ssd-in-ubuntu-for-better-performance/ '''How to Tweak Your SSD in Ubuntu for Better Performance''']
* How-To Geek: [https://www.howtogeek.com/62761/how-to-tweak-your-ssd-in-ubuntu-for-better-performance/ '''How to Tweak Your SSD in Ubuntu for Better Performance''']

Revision as of 08:49, 18 August 2022

Lin­ux Desk­top
Lin­ux Serv­er

Note, with­in the ex­am­ples in the fol­low­ing sec­tions, /​​​dev/​​​sda refers to a SSD de­vice while /​​​dev/​​​nvme0n1 refers to a NVMe de­vice.

Get Full SSD/​​​NVMe De­vice In­fo

For SSD de­vices use: 

smartctl -x /dev/sda            # -x, --xall; -a, --all

hdparm -I /dev/sda              # doesn't support NVMe

For NVMe de­vices use: 

smartctl -x /dev/nvme0n1        # -x, --xall; -a, --all

nvme smart-log -H /dev/nvme0n1  # apt install nvme-cli

Ref­er­ences

TRIM (Dis­card) from com­mand line

sudo fstrim -av             # trim/discardd all mounted devices, verbose output
sudo fstrim -v /            # trim/discardd the root fs, verbose output
sudo fstrim /mount-point    # trim/discardd a device mounted at specific mount point

Ref­er­ences

Set the au­to­mat­ic TRIM job to dai­ly

sudo systemctl enable fstrim.timer

sudo mkdir /etc/systemd/system/fstrim.timer.d
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/fstrim.timer.d/override.conf

[Timer]
OnCalendar=
OnCalendar=daily

Re­boot the sys­tem or do dae­mon-re­load and check the up­dat­ed val­ue.

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl cat fstrim.timer

# /lib/systemd/system/fstrim.timer
[Unit]
Description=Discard unused blocks once a week
Documentation=man:fstrim
ConditionVirtualization=!container

[Timer]
OnCalendar=weekly
AccuracySec=1h
Persistent=true

[Install]
WantedBy=timers.target

# /etc/systemd/system/fstrim.timer.d/override.conf
[Timer]
OnCalendar=
OnCalendar=daily

Un­do the change if you need.

sudo rm -v /etc/systemd/system/fstrim.timer.d/override.conf

Ref­er­ences

En­able TRIM (Dis­card) in FsTab

TRIM (Trim com­mand let an OS know which SSD blocks are not be­ing used and can be cleared).

sudo nano /etc/fstab

#/dev/disk/by-uuid/09e7c8ed-fb55-4a44-8be4-18b1696fc714 / ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/disk/by-uuid/09e7c8ed-fb55-4a44-8be4-18b1696fc714 / ext4 discard,async,noatime,nodiratime,errors=remount-ro 0 1

Warn­ing: Users need to be cer­tain that their SSD sup­ports TRIM be­fore at­tempt­ing to use it. Da­ta loss can oc­cur oth­er­wise! Tp test whether the SSD de­vice sup­ports TRIM/​​​Discard op­tion you can use ei­ther of the fol­low­ing com­mands. 

sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda | grep TRIM

* Data Set Management TRIM supported (limit 8 blocks)

sudo smartctl --all /dev/sda | grep TRIM

TRIM Command:     Available

To test does an NVMe sup­ports TRIM (phys­i­cal dis­card op­tion) the out­put of the fol­low­ing com­mand must be greater than 0.

Ref­er­ences

Tweak the AMP val­ue of SSD

Most Lin­ux dis­tri­b­u­tions use Lin­ux Kernel’s “Ad­vanced Pow­er Man­age­ment (APM)” API to han­dle con­fig­u­ra­tion, op­ti­mize per­for­mance, and en­sure sta­bil­i­ty of stor­age de­vices. These de­vices are as­signed an APM val­ue be­tween 1 and 255 to con­trol their pow­er man­age­ment thresh­olds. A val­ue of 254 in­di­cates best per­for­mance, while a val­ue of 1 in­di­cates bet­ter pow­er man­age­ment. As­sign­ing a val­ue of 255 will dis­able APM al­to­geth­er. By de­fault, SS­Ds are as­signed an APM of 254 when the sys­tem is run­ning on ex­ter­nal pow­er. In bat­tery mode, the APM lev­el is set to 128, re­duc­ing the read and write speeds of SS­Ds. This ar­ti­cle ex­plains how to in­crease SSD APM lev­els to 254 when your Lin­ux lap­top is run­ning on bat­tery mode.

sudo hdparm -B254 /dev/sda

Get the cur­rent AMP val­ue.

sudo hdparm -B /dev/sda

Test the per­for­mance.

sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sda

Ref­er­ences

See al­so


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