SSD/NVMe Tweaks (TRIM/Discard): Difference between revisions

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* NVMexpress.org: [https://nvmexpress.org/ NVMe Current Specifications]
* NVMexpress.org: [https://nvmexpress.org/ NVMe Current Specifications]


== TRIM (Discard) from command line ==
== Block Discard Operations ==
 
== [Batch discard] TRIM from command line ==
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell" line="1">
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell" line="1">
sudo fstrim -av            # trim/discardd all mounted devices, verbose output
sudo fstrim -av            # trim/discardd all mounted devices, verbose output
sudo fstrim -v /            # trim/discardd the root fs, verbose output
sudo fstrim -v /            # trim/discardd the root fs, verbose output
sudo fstrim /mount-point    # trim/discardd a device mounted at specific mount point
sudo fstrim /mount-point    # trim/discardd a device mounted at specific mount point
</syntaxhighlight><syntaxhighlight lang="shell" line="1" class="root-prompt mlw-shell-gray">
nvme smart-log -H /dev/nvme0n1  # apt install nvme-cli
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


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* Red Hat Docs: <u>[https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html/managing_file_systems/discarding-unused-blocks_managing-file-systems Red Hat > '''<nowiki>[9]</nowiki>''' > Managing storage devices > Chapter 37. '''Discarding unused blocks''']</u>
* Red Hat Docs: <u>[https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html/managing_file_systems/discarding-unused-blocks_managing-file-systems Red Hat > '''<nowiki>[9]</nowiki>''' > Managing storage devices > Chapter 37. '''Discarding unused blocks''']</u>


== Set the automatic TRIM job to daily ==
== [Periodic Discard] Set the automatic TRIM job to daily ==
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell" line="1">
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell" line="1">
sudo systemctl enable fstrim.timer
sudo systemctl enable fstrim.timer
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OnCalendar=
OnCalendar=
OnCalendar=daily
OnCalendar=daily
</syntaxhighlight><syntaxhighlight lang="shell" line="1">
sudo systemctl status fstrim.service
sudo systemctl status fstrim.timer
</syntaxhighlight>Undo the change if you need.<syntaxhighlight lang="shell" line="1">
</syntaxhighlight>Undo the change if you need.<syntaxhighlight lang="shell" line="1">
sudo rm -v /etc/systemd/system/fstrim.timer.d/override.conf
sudo rm -v /etc/systemd/system/fstrim.timer.d/override.conf
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* Easy Linux Tips Project: [https://easylinuxtipsproject.blogspot.com/p/ssd.html SSD - How to optimize your Solid State Drive for Linux Mint and Ubuntu]
* Easy Linux Tips Project: [https://easylinuxtipsproject.blogspot.com/p/ssd.html SSD - How to optimize your Solid State Drive for Linux Mint and Ubuntu]


== Enable TRIM (Discard) in FsTab ==
== [Online Discard] Enable TRIM in FsTab (not recommended) ==


TRIM (Trim command let an OS know which SSD blocks are not being used and can be cleared).<syntaxhighlight lang="shell" line="1">
TRIM (Trim command let an OS know which SSD blocks are not being used and can be cleared).<syntaxhighlight lang="shell" line="1">
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</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


To test does an NVMe supports TRIM (physical discard option) the output of the following command must be greater than 0.
To test does an NVMe supports TRIM (physical discard option) the output of the following command must be greater than 0.<syntaxhighlight lang="shell" line="1">
 
cat /sys/block/nvme0n1/queue/discard_max_bytes
</syntaxhighlight>
=== References ===
=== References ===
* Arch Linux Wiki: [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Solid_state_drive#Continuous_TRIM '''Solid state drive''']
* Arch Linux Wiki: [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Solid_state_drive#Continuous_TRIM '''Solid state drive''']

Revision as of 09:38, 18 August 2022

Lin­ux Desk­top
Lin­ux Serv­er

Note, with­in the ex­am­ples in the fol­low­ing sec­tions, /​​​dev/​​​sda refers to a SSD de­vice while /​​​dev/​​​nvme0n1 refers to a NVMe de­vice.

Get Full SSD/​​​NVMe De­vice In­fo

For SSD de­vices use: 

smartctl -x /dev/sda            # -x, --xall; -a, --all

hdparm -I /dev/sda              # doesn't support NVMe

For NVMe de­vices use: 

smartctl -x /dev/nvme0n1        # -x, --xall; -a, --all

nvme smart-log -H /dev/nvme0n1  # apt install nvme-cli

Ref­er­ences

Block Dis­card Op­er­a­tions

[Batch dis­card] TRIM from com­mand line

sudo fstrim -av             # trim/discardd all mounted devices, verbose output
sudo fstrim -v /            # trim/discardd the root fs, verbose output
sudo fstrim /mount-point    # trim/discardd a device mounted at specific mount point

nvme smart-log -H /dev/nvme0n1  # apt install nvme-cli

Ref­er­ences

[Pe­ri­od­ic Dis­card] Set the au­to­mat­ic TRIM job to dai­ly

sudo systemctl enable fstrim.timer

sudo mkdir /etc/systemd/system/fstrim.timer.d
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/fstrim.timer.d/override.conf

[Timer]
OnCalendar=
OnCalendar=daily

Re­boot the sys­tem or do dae­mon-re­load and check the up­dat­ed val­ue.

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl cat fstrim.timer

# /lib/systemd/system/fstrim.timer
[Unit]
Description=Discard unused blocks once a week
Documentation=man:fstrim
ConditionVirtualization=!container

[Timer]
OnCalendar=weekly
AccuracySec=1h
Persistent=true

[Install]
WantedBy=timers.target

# /etc/systemd/system/fstrim.timer.d/override.conf
[Timer]
OnCalendar=
OnCalendar=daily

sudo systemctl status fstrim.service
sudo systemctl status fstrim.timer

Un­do the change if you need.

sudo rm -v /etc/systemd/system/fstrim.timer.d/override.conf

Ref­er­ences

[On­line Dis­card] En­able TRIM in FsTab (not rec­om­mend­ed)

TRIM (Trim com­mand let an OS know which SSD blocks are not be­ing used and can be cleared).

sudo nano /etc/fstab

#/dev/disk/by-uuid/09e7c8ed-fb55-4a44-8be4-18b1696fc714 / ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/disk/by-uuid/09e7c8ed-fb55-4a44-8be4-18b1696fc714 / ext4 discard,async,noatime,nodiratime,errors=remount-ro 0 1

Warn­ing: Users need to be cer­tain that their SSD sup­ports TRIM be­fore at­tempt­ing to use it. Da­ta loss can oc­cur oth­er­wise! Tp test whether the SSD de­vice sup­ports TRIM/​​​Discard op­tion you can use ei­ther of the fol­low­ing com­mands. 

sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda | grep TRIM

* Data Set Management TRIM supported (limit 8 blocks)

sudo smartctl --all /dev/sda | grep TRIM

TRIM Command:     Available

To test does an NVMe sup­ports TRIM (phys­i­cal dis­card op­tion) the out­put of the fol­low­ing com­mand must be greater than 0.

cat /sys/block/nvme0n1/queue/discard_max_bytes

Ref­er­ences

Tweak the AMP val­ue of SSD

Most Lin­ux dis­tri­b­u­tions use Lin­ux Kernel’s “Ad­vanced Pow­er Man­age­ment (APM)” API to han­dle con­fig­u­ra­tion, op­ti­mize per­for­mance, and en­sure sta­bil­i­ty of stor­age de­vices. These de­vices are as­signed an APM val­ue be­tween 1 and 255 to con­trol their pow­er man­age­ment thresh­olds. A val­ue of 254 in­di­cates best per­for­mance, while a val­ue of 1 in­di­cates bet­ter pow­er man­age­ment. As­sign­ing a val­ue of 255 will dis­able APM al­to­geth­er. By de­fault, SS­Ds are as­signed an APM of 254 when the sys­tem is run­ning on ex­ter­nal pow­er. In bat­tery mode, the APM lev­el is set to 128, re­duc­ing the read and write speeds of SS­Ds. This ar­ti­cle ex­plains how to in­crease SSD APM lev­els to 254 when your Lin­ux lap­top is run­ning on bat­tery mode.

sudo hdparm -B254 /dev/sda

Get the cur­rent AMP val­ue.

sudo hdparm -B /dev/sda

Test the per­for­mance.

sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sda

Ref­er­ences

See al­so


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